Knowledge and Renunciation of Action - 04 - 01¶
The Shloka¶
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श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् ।
विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥
———
Śrī Bhagavān uvāca ।
imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ proktavān aham avyayam ।
vivasvān manave prāha manur ikṣvākave’bravīt ॥
———
Meaning / Summary¶
हा श्लोक अत्यंत महत्त्वाचा आहे कारण तो भगवद्गीतेच्या ज्ञानाचे प्राचीन आणि दिव्य मूळ स्थापित करतो. भगवान श्रीकृष्ण कोणतीही नवीन विचारधारा सादर करत नाहीत, तर ते एक शाश्वत सत्य (अव्यय योग) प्रकट करत आहेत जे निर्मितीच्या सुरुवातीपासून आध्यात्मिक गुरु आणि राजांच्या शिस्तबद्ध परंपरेतून चालत आले आहे. ही परंपरा, ज्याला ‘परंपरा’ किंवा गुरु-शिष्य परंपरा म्हणतात, हे सुनिश्चित करते की ज्ञान शुद्ध आणि अक्षुण्ण राहील. स्वतःपासून विवस्वान, नंतर मनू आणि शेवटी इक्ष्वाकूपर्यंत या ज्ञानाच्या प्रसाराचा उल्लेख करून, श्रीकृष्ण यावर जोर देतात की हे ज्ञान अलीकडचा शोध नसून मानवजातीच्या कल्याणासाठी असलेली एक कालातीत परंपरा आहे. हे धर्मनिष्ठ राजांची (इक्ष्वाकू सारखे) जबाबदारी देखील दर्शवते की त्यांनी त्यांच्या प्रजेच्या भल्यासाठी आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान टिकवून ठेवावे आणि त्याचा प्रसार करावा.
श्री भगवान म्हणाले: मी हा अविनाशी योग विवस्वानाला (सूर्यदेवाला) सांगितला; विवस्वानाने तो मनूला (त्याच्या पुत्राला) सांगितला; आणि मनूने तो इक्ष्वाकूला सांगितला.
भगवान श्रीकृष्ण सांगतात की त्यांनी सर्वप्रथम अविनाशी योगविद्या सूर्यदेव विवस्वानला दिली. विवस्वानाने हे ज्ञान आपला पुत्र मनू, जो मानवजातीचा पूर्वज आहे, याला दिले. त्यानंतर, मनूने ते आपला पुत्र इक्ष्वाकू, जो सूर्यवंशाचा संस्थापक आहे, याला शिकवले.
This shloka is profoundly significant as it establishes the ancient and divine origin of the Bhagavad Gita’s wisdom. Lord Krishna is not presenting a new philosophy but revealing an eternal truth (avyayam yoga) that has been passed down through a disciplined lineage of spiritual masters and kings since the dawn of creation. This lineage, known as ‘paramparā’ or disciplic succession, ensures that the knowledge remains pure and untainted. By tracing the transmission from Himself to Vivasvan, then to Manu, and finally to Ikshvaku, Krishna emphasizes that this knowledge is not a recent invention but a timeless tradition meant for the welfare of humanity. It also highlights the responsibility of righteous kings (like Ikshvaku) to uphold and disseminate spiritual wisdom for the good of their subjects.
The Supreme Lord said: I instructed this imperishable science of Yoga to Vivasvan (the sun-god); Vivasvan instructed it to Manu (his son); and Manu, in turn, instructed it to Ikshvaku.
Lord Krishna states that He first revealed the eternal science of Yoga to Vivasvan, the sun-god. Vivasvan then passed this knowledge on to his son, Manu, the progenitor of mankind. Subsequently, Manu taught it to his son, Ikshvaku, the founder of the Solar dynasty.
In this opening verse of the fourth chapter, Lord Krishna begins by asserting the ancient and divine origin of the spiritual knowledge he is about to impart to Arjuna. He states, ‘I imparted this imperishable yoga to Vivasvan.’ Here, ‘I’ refers to Lord Krishna Himself, indicating that He is the original source of this profound wisdom. ‘Avyayam yoga’ signifies ‘imperishable yoga’ – meaning the spiritual discipline and knowledge that is eternal, unchanging, and not subject to destruction or decay, unlike material things. Vivasvan is identified as the Sun-god, one of the most prominent deities in Vedic cosmology, responsible for light and life. The sequence then continues, ‘Vivasvan told it to Manu, and Manu spoke it to Ikshvaku.’ Manu, specifically Vaivasvata Manu, is the son of Vivasvan and is revered as the progenitor of mankind and a great law-giver. Ikshvaku, in turn, is the son of Manu and the revered founder of the famous Solar dynasty (Sūrya-vaṁśa) of kings, a lineage from which Lord Rama later descended. This succession—from God to sun-god, from sun-god to the father of mankind, and from the father of mankind to the first righteous king—establishes a disciplic succession (paramparā) that ensures the purity and authenticity of the knowledge. It highlights that this spiritual wisdom is not a new or sectarian belief but an ancient, universal, and divinely sanctioned truth passed down through enlightened beings and responsible rulers for the benefit of humanity. The purpose of this lineage is to preserve the true essence of yoga without adulteration over time.
Sentence - 1¶
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श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
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Meaning¶
श्री भगवान म्हणाले:
The Supreme Lord said:
Meaning of Words¶
श्रीभगवान् | Śrī Bhagavān | ||
श्री भगवान (परमेश्वर) | The Supreme Lord | ||
उवाच | uvāca | म्हणाले | said |
Sentence - 2¶
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इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् ।
———
Meaning¶
मी हा अविनाशी योग विवस्वानाला सांगितला.
I imparted this imperishable yoga to Vivasvan.
Meaning of Words¶
इमम् | imam | हा | this |
विवस्वते | vivasvate | ||
विवस्वानाला | to Vivasvan | ||
योगम् | yogam | ||
योग (आत्मज्ञानाचे शास्त्र) | yoga (science of self-realization) | ||
प्रोक्तवान् | proktavān | सांगितला, उपदेश केला | imparted, instructed |
अहम् | aham | मी | I |
अव्ययम् | avyayam | ||
अविनाशी, शाश्वत | imperishable, eternal | ||
Sentence - 3¶
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विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥
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Meaning¶
विवस्वानाने मनूला सांगितले आणि मनूने इक्ष्वाकूला सांगितले.
Vivasvan told it to Manu, and Manu spoke it to Ikshvaku.
Meaning of Words¶
विवस्वान् | Vivasvān | ||
विवस्वान (सूर्यदेव) | Vivasvan | ||
मनवे | Manave | ||
मनूला | to Manu | ||
प्राह | prāha | सांगितले, बोलले | told, spoke |
मनुः | Manur | मनूने | Manu |
इक्ष्वाकवे | Ikṣvākave | ||
इक्ष्वाकूला | to Ikshvaku | ||
अब्रवीत् | abravīt | सांगितले, सांगितले | spoke, declared |